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BibliographyOgilvie, Claire. "Victims of Abuse in Old Age." Southam Newspapers. (21 Feb. 1996). The newspaper article describes the story of 2 victims of abuse - one an older woman whose son stole her house and money and the other a senile and incontinent woman killed by her son. The article also discusses conditions that lead to abuse and the emotional affects of abuse on the elderly. United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. "The Economic, Social, Cultural Rights of Older Persons." General Comment 6, 13th Session. (1995). These comments by the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights describes international statements and policies that relate to older persons. McDaniel, Christine L. "Elder Abuse in the Domestic Setting." Kansas Elder Law Network. (19 December 1996). This brief describes the causes and characteristics of elder abuse in the domestic setting. It gives the definitions of elder abuse as determined by the National Center for elder Abuse. The Article. McDaniel, Christine L. "Elder Abuse in the Institutional Setting." Kansas Elder Law Network. (May 1997). This brief describes the causes and characteristics of elder abuse in the institutional setting. It gives the definition of seven types of abuse identified by the Office of the Inspector General of the Dept. of Health and Human Services. The brief can be found here. The Commonwealth Fund. "Shaping the Future of Medicare." (April 1998). This briefing note gives statistics on Medicare and health care expenditures for the elderly. It also identifies principles to guide the debate on health care for the elderly. Bureau of the Census. "Statistical Brief: Sixty-Five Plus in the United States." (May 1995) The statistical brief highlights the comprehensive data on the elderly reported in Sixty-Five Plus in the United States. It contains information on population, race, sex, marital status, income, housing and education. The brief can be found on the Bureau of the Census home page at http://www.census.gov National Aging Information Center. "Educational Attainment of Persons 60+, by Age." (1990). A statistical table detailing the educational attainment of the elderly population. Toman, Peter. "Work and Employment: How Women's Employment Conditions Affect Their Economic Status Later in Life." Newsnotes. 15(1): p.7-10. (Summer 1994). The article raises the issue that our "retirement policies unintentionally discriminate against women's employment trends…" As a result, the poverty rate for women over 65 is double that for men. The article discusses poverty in retirement and income, women in the work force, social security, and private pensions. Catrambone, Kathy. "Women Face Barriers in Retirement." Pensions and Investments. Vol.34. (1 June 1998). The article discusses the findings of two studies. The first, conducted by The Dreyfus Corporation, examines the attitudes of men and women toward investments and the stock market. The barriers to investing that women face are described. The second study, conducted by the Older Women's League, reveals that 75% of women 65 and older do not receive pensions. Rimer, Sara. "Rural Elderly Create Vital Communities as Young Leave Void." New York Times. (2 February 1998). The article examines the lives and roles of elderly persons, particularly women, in Midwestern rural communities. As younger people leave, the elderly are assuming roles such as mayor and police superintendent and sustaining local business. Uchitelle, Louis. "She's Wound Up in Her Career, but He's Ready to Wind Down." New York Times. (14 December 1997). Women who are single, divorced or widowed work past their retirement age because they lack the Social Security benefits and pensions of men the same age. The article examines the trend of older women remaining in the work force. Midlife Women's Network. "Updates-Work." Midlife Woman. 6(3) p.7. (June 1997) The article gives statistics about older women in the work force, including that between 1985 and 1995 the percentage of women 55 to 64 years old who were employed or looking for work rose to 47.5%. Brown, Helen. Prisuta, Robert. Jacobs, Bella. Campbell, Anne. "Executive Summary of Literacy of Older Adults in America." National Center for Education Statistics. (1996). The Report is a comprehensive survey of the literacy skills of older Americans. It contains information on older adults in general and on various sub groups of the older population. The Report can be found at http://nces.ed.gov/nadlits/ElderSum.html Nusberg, Charlotte. "Strategies for a Society for All Ages." American Association of Retired Persons. (1998). The document was created by the AARP in consultation with persons all over the world. It explains the meaning of a society for all ages and is intended to generate ideas and action towards realizing this vision. Housing BibliographySteinfeld, Edward. "Enabling Home Environments: Identifying Barriers to Independence." Idea Publications. American Association of Retired Persons [AARP] (June 1, 1993) This study conducted by the Research Center on Aging at the State University of New York at Buffalo identifies barriers to independent living and priorities for home modifications. The research sample consisted of 51 elderly individuals living in community housing and with visual impairment, dementia, non-ambulant or semi-ambulant disabilities. Data was collected through interviews and assessments completed by trained observers. The study found that elderly persons under-reported the presence of barriers. In addition, the researchers suggested that qualitative methods are required to fully understand the meaning of specific barriers to each individual. Steinfeld, Edward. "The Concept of Universal Design." Idea Publications. (1994) Professor Steinfeld, the Director of the Center for Inclusive Design & Environmental Access at SUNY Buffalo, discusses the differences between accessible design and universal design. He suggests that accessible design leads to separate facilities for the disabled while universal design accommodates all people. The article also stresses the importance of making universal design aesthetically appealing and describes benefits to the general population. Yearns, Mary H., Warmer, Louis N. The Home for All Ages: An Interactive Exhibit to Promote Universal Design Iowa State University. The Home for All Ages web page promotes the concept of universal design, that "homes could be constructed to accommodate the changing needs of individuals throughout the life span and still be appealing to a non-disabled audience." The Home for All Ages is an interactive exhibit that has been used at home shows, fairs and other expos throughout Iowa. It contains an age-friendly kitchen, bathroom and sleeping/living space. The exhibit also provides information on adapting existing homes to be more accessible to the disabled. "Aging into the 21st Century." This report uses data on population, marital status, household projections, labor force, income, education, living arrangements and other current data to analyze the future makeup of the elderly population. The main goal of the report is to give readers a clear impression of the characteristics of the elderly in the coming decades. Creating an Age Friendly Environment BibliographyU.S. Department of Transportation. "Improving Transportation for a Maturing Society." January 1997. The Report finds that older persons do not currently pose a serious safety problem. However, as the elderly population increases, mobility and safety concerns could rise. The Report is the first step in developing recommendations, priorities and cost estimates that would lead to a long term strategy to accommodate the increasing numbers of older persons. Bush, Marla. "International Forum of the Americas: Population Aging and Social Integration for a Millenium Without Age Discriminations." The web page introduces the Forum including its objectives and relevance. The page provides important background information on statements related to aging made at UN-sponsored and other international conferences. Benson, William F. "Basic Elements of a Comprehensive System of Support for the Older Adult: The North American Experience." (August 1997). Administration on Aging. The web page contains the text of William Benson's oral remarks at the International Forum of the Americas. Mr. Benson describes the demographics of the elderly and laws affecting the elderly in the United States. He discusses in detail the creation and impact of the Older Americans Act. Illinois Emergency Management Agency. "Extreme Heat Related Problems." This information brief discusses the impact of extreme heat, the nation's number one weather related killer. It details the affects of heat on the human body and preventative strategies for minimizing heat related deaths. Health BibliographyKane, Rosalie A., Baker, Mary Olsen. "Emerging Trends in Managed Care: Opportunities for the Aging Network." July 1996. Administration on Aging. The document summarizes issues discussed at Emerging Trends in Managed Care, a 1996 conference sponsored by the Administration on Aging. It describes the various forms of managed care that are relevant to the elderly and the advocacy challenges that they raise. Feltes, Linda, Jaffee, Lynn. "Factors Affecting Women's Motivation for Physical Activity." Melpomene Journal. 16(3): p. 23-27. (Fall 1997). The study is based on the responses of 2993 females to a questionnaire published in the April 1993 issue of Self Magazine. The study revealed that most inactive older women cited lack of self-confidence, skill and experience as reasons for not engaging in physical activity. It concludes that encouraging women to participate in physical activity at a young age can significantly improve their confidence and abilities later in life. Education BibliographyHubel, Joy Alter. "Retirees Refusing to Stand Pat Infuse Communities". New York Times. (25 January 1998). The article contains snap shots of elderly persons maintaining an active life style after retirement. Rather than head South to retirement homes, many elderly are traveling, writing, engaging in artistic endeavors and going back to school. The article also discusses life long learning centers and continuing care communities. McCray, Catherine Caruthers. "Ageism in the Preclinical Years." JAMA. 279(13): p. 1035. (1 April 1998). Written by a second-year medical student at Kansas School of Medicine the article discusses medical students' misconceptions and prejudices about the elderly. It also discusses the evolution of age-sensitive medical curricula using KU as an example. Schnedler, Marcia. "Seniors Combine Going on the Road and Going Online." Learning Center News-Senior Net The article gives statistics about the increasing use of computers and the internet by the elderly. It also describes the activities of SeniorNet, an organization that exposes seniors to the information super highway. These activities include a commnity-based computer training program and World Explorer cruises. International Federation on Aging. "Global Perspectives on Lifelong Learning." Ageing International. XXIV(2,3): p. 10-175. (Fall 1997/Winter 1998). This issue of Ageing International focuses on lifelong learning. The 14 articles in the issue discuss the educational goals, motivations, and interests of older persons all over the world. Several articles also discuss lifelong learning and intergenerational initiatives. Intergenerational Caring BibliographySellars, Linda. "Helping One Another Across the Generations." The author describes the challenges and benefits of bringing students and the elderly together. She also describes activities that enable interaction and provides guidelines for creating intergenerational programs. A short brief by the Deputy Director of NSCERC calling for increased intergenerational collaboration in the public policy making process. The brief suggests that such collaboration should occur in addition to advocacy for individual constituent groups and that it will lead to new strategies. Additional information about intergenerational collaborations can be found at the NSCERC web site. The National Victim Center. "Infolink: Elder Abuse." (1992). Lombardi, Kate Stone. "A Plan to Halt Mistreatment of the Elderly." New York Times. (March 8, 1998). The article describes the victims of elder abuse and the process of victimization. It also discusses strategies to minimize elder abuse. Income and Security in Old Age BibliographySocial Security Administration. "What Every Woman Should Know." (July 1997). This Report presents detailed information for women regarding Social Security eligibility, coverage and benefits. The report is an extremely useful guide to the provisions and protections that directly relate to women. To determine Social Security eligibility and benefits, simply call Social Security's toll free number 1-800-772-1213. Social Security Administration. "Benefit Equity for Working Women 57+." (1996) The Report discusses both equity and adequacy concerns related to Social Security and women. These concerns are discussed for elderly unmarried women, divorced women and homemakers and caregivers. The Report also presents options for improving benefits to these groups. United States Government. "Who are the Women of the U.S. [part 8 of 12]" (1997) This section of the Report discusses women's wages and steps taken to lessen the wage gap between men and women. In addition, the end of Part 8 contains information on pensions for women retirees. The adequacy of pension coverage for women and the implications of women's work patterns on pension payments are discussed. This Report can be found in the Pro Quest Social Sciences database. Didio, Laura. "Over the Hill?" Computerworld. (January 12,1998). "If women over 50 were being hired, we'd be the first to know. But it's just not happening"--Bill Payson, founder Senior Staff 2000. Although the unemployment rate for all U.S. workers aged 55+ decreased to 3% in 1997, the unemployment rate for those over 50 in the computer industry and corporate IS was around 17%. The article describes the experiences of older women in trying to retain or change jobs in the computer industry. It claims that ageism and gender bias prevent qualified women from gaining employment. More information can be obtained at http://www.computerworld.com Spalter-Roth, Roberta. Hartman, Heidi. "Contingent Work-It's Consequences for Economic Well-Being, the Gendered Division of Labor, and the Welfare State." Institute for Women's Policy Research. (1995). The Report describes the financial consequences of women holding a disproportionate share of contingent work. The cost is reflected in the wage gap between men and women, low and unreliable earnings for women and lack of benefits for women. The Report also lists policies that could improve the situation of working women. Social Security Administration. "Income of the Population 55 or Older." (1994). A series of tables describing the income of the elderly population. Income sources by age, marital status, sex and Social Security beneficiary status are shown. Hartmann, Heidi. Shaw, Lois. Spalter-Roth, Roberta. Yoon, Young-Hee. "Temporary Disability Insurance: A Model to Provide Income Security for Women Over the Life Cycle." Institute for Women's Policy Research. (8 January 1995). This Report calls attention to women's increased labor force participation throughout the life cycle and the need for public policy to address the economic security needs of working women. The Report specifically examines temporary disability insurance, in the form of expanding paid family care leaves, as a means to help women and families. U.S. Department of Labor, Women's Bureau. "1993 Handbook on Women Workers-Trends and Issues [Part 24 of 41]." (1994). Recent studies suggest that 60-80% of elder care is provided by family and friends, while only 5 percent of the elderly are in nursing homes. This Report discusses strategies to assist workers in caring for elders, including employer assistance for elder care. The Report also discusses efforts to aid older workers, particularly women, reenter the labor force. It describes private-public partnerships and special programs that have been successful in training and hiring older workers. Wise, David A. "The Economics of Aging Program." NBER Reporter." (Summer 1996). The Report discusses NBER research in three areas: "(1) the financial well-being of the elderly, with special emphasis on saving for retirement; (2) the labor force participation of older Americans….; and (3) the role of housing, both as a potential source of financial support after retirement and in the determination of living arrangements of older people." Bibliography for Social Security*Aaron, Henry J. "The Myths of Social Security Crisis: Behind the
Privatization Push." The Washington Post. (July 21, 1996). *Baker, Dean. "Privatizing Social Security: The Wall Street Fix." Economic Policy Institute (EPI) Issue Brief #112. (April 29, 1996). The brief explains that Social Security works, that the Social Security system is sound and that future generation will continue to enjoy a higher standard of living. Rather than guaranteeing retirement security to millions of people, privatization would place individual retirement savings at risk. Baker, Dean. "The Privateer's Free Lunch". The American Prospect no. 32. (May-June 1997). The article explains the false assumptions behind relying on the stock market and stellar economic growth to fix Social Security. Dreyfuss, Robert. "The Biggest Deal: Lobbying to Make Social Security Private." The American Prospect. (May-June 1996): 72-81. The article discusses the lobbying efforts of corporate institutions. It describes the profits to be made from Social Security privatization and also grassroots efforts to counter pro-privatization propaganda. Dreyfuss, Robert. "The End of Social Security As We Know It." Mother Jones. (Nov-Dec 1996). The article discusses the scare tactics of Wall Street in convincing Americans that the Social Security Trust is going broke. It explains the principles behind the trust fund and how minor adjustments will ensure its viability. Fast Facts and Figures About Social Security. Social Security Administration: Office of Research, Evaluation and Statistics. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1997. Social Security Administration. This web site offers a comprehensive array of facts and figures about Social Security coverage, recipients and benefits. *Fierst, Edith U. "Privatizing Social Security Would Hurt Women." Miami Herald. 1998. This column appearing in the Miami Herald is reprinted on The Century Foundation's Social Security Network home page. It claims that elderly women would lose financial independence under current social security privatization plans. The plans do not legally require husbands to share retirement incomes with their wives. The author favors modification of Social Security over privatization. Kay, Stephen J. "The Chile Con: Privatizing Social Security in South America." The American Prospect No 33. (July/Aug 1997). The article argues that the Chile system should not be used as a model for the American Social Security System. It discusses the differences between the two systems and explains that privatization has not really worked in Chile. Kuttner, Robert. "Rampant Bull." The American Prospect no. 39 (July-August 1998). The author contends that although social security's financial crisis is exaggerated, "it's political vulnerability and the allure of wealth are real." He undermines the arguments behind privatization and puts forth an alternate proposal. Richard C. Leone. "Supporting Retirees II: Stick With Public Pensions." Foreign Affairs Magazine. Volume 76 No.4. (May 9, 1997). The article discusses demographic trends in relation to social insurance systems in advanced countries. It contends that rather than quick-fix overhauls, gradual adjustments in Social Security can address population trends. Lewis, Sydney. "Why we need it." Mother Jones. The article contains interviews of five Social Security recipients. It reveals the importance of Social Security benefits to the economic security of beneficiaries. Lieberman, Trudy. "Social Insecurity: The Campaign to Make the System Private." The Nation. (Jan 27, 1997): 11-18. An excellent article on machinations by Wall Street to privatize the world's largest public retirement system -- the US "Social Security" system -- and to make a ton of money in the process. Mashaw, Jerry L. and Theodore R. Marmor. "The Great Social Security Scare." The American Prospect No. 29. (Nov-Dec 1996): 30-37. The authors argue that Social Security financing requires "prudent adjustment, but not major revision." They describe the debate over privatization as a choice between the guaranteed security of collective social insurance or leaving retirement savings vulnerable to market forces. "10 Myths About Social Security." Twentieth Century Fund/ Century Foundation. Issue Brief #3. This brief describes common assumptions and propaganda about Social Security privatization. It calls into question the logic and motives behind privatization Williamson, John. "Should Women Support the Privatization of Social Security?" Challenge. 40(4): 97-108. (July/August 1997). The report discusses the impact of Social Security reform proposals on women. The author contends that every current proposal would harm women relative to men. Women have not been traditional investors and therefore would lose from any move toward privatization.
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